Gourami are a group of freshwater anabanti form fishes that comprise the family Osphronemidae. The fish are native to Asia—from Pakistan and India to the Malay Archipelago and northeasterly towards Korea. The name "Gourami", of Malay-Archipelago origin, is also used for fish of the families Helostomatidae and Anabantidae.

Many Gouramis have an elongated, feeler-like ray at the front of each of their pelvic fins. All living species show parental care: some are mouth-brooders, and others, like the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), build bubble nests. Currently, about 133 species are recognised, placed in four subfamilies and about 15 genera.

The name Polyacanthidae has also been used for this family. Some fish now classified as Gouramis were previously placed in family Anabantidae. As labyrinth fishes, Gouramis have a lung-like labyrinth organ that allows them to gulp air and use atmospheric oxygen. This organ is a vital innovation for fish that often inhabit warm, shallow, oxygen-poor water.